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1 brass casting
1) Техника: латунная отливка2) Железнодорожный термин: медная отливка3) Автомобильный термин: отливка из латуни или из жёлтой меди -
2 brass casting
• odlivak od mesinga -
3 brass casting
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4 brass casting
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5 brass
латунь; желтая медь; бронза; вкладыш; прокладка; вкладка; II покрывать латунью- brass casting - brass coating - brass foil - brass gauze - brass pipe - brass plate - brass rod - brass solder - brass tube - adjustable brasses - admiralty brass - alpha brass - alpha-beta brass - aluminum brass - bearing brasses - beta brass - brazing brass - cartridge brass - crank brasses - deep-drawing brass - forging brass - free-machining brass - gun brass - high brass - high-tensile brass - leaded brass - leaded nickel brass - line the brass - lower brasses - main brasses - plate's brass - red brass - replaceable brasses - semired brass - sheet brass - side brasses - silicon brass - spring brass - upper brasses - white brass - yellow brass -
6 casting brass
red brass — красная латунь, томпак
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7 casting brass
Техника: литейная латунь -
8 casting brass
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9 brass die casting
< metal> ■ Messingdruckguss m -
10 casting brass
• леярски месинг -
11 casting brass
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12 casting brass
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13 yellow brass
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14 red casting brass
< mat> ■ Rotguss m -
15 die-casting brass
spuitgietmessing -
16 Darby, Abraham
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 1678 near Dudley, Worcestershire, Englandd. 5 May 1717 Madely Court, Coalbrookdale, Shropshire, England[br]English ironmaster, inventor of the coke smelting of iron ore.[br]Darby's father, John, was a farmer who also worked a small forge to produce nails and other ironware needed on the farm. He was brought up in the Society of Friends, or Quakers, and this community remained important throughout his personal and working life. Darby was apprenticed to Jonathan Freeth, a malt-mill maker in Birmingham, and on completion of his apprenticeship in 1699 he took up the trade himself in Bristol. Probably in 1704, he visited Holland to study the casting of brass pots and returned to Bristol with some Dutch workers, setting up a brassworks at Baptist Mills in partnership with others. He tried substituting cast iron for brass in his castings, without success at first, but in 1707 he was granted a patent, "A new way of casting iron pots and other pot-bellied ware in sand without loam or clay". However, his business associates were unwilling to risk further funds in the experiments, so he withdrew his share of the capital and moved to Coalbrookdale in Shropshire. There, iron ore, coal, water-power and transport lay close at hand. He took a lease on an old furnace and began experimenting. The shortage and expense of charcoal, and his knowledge of the use of coke in malting, may well have led him to try using coke to smelt iron ore. The furnace was brought into blast in 1709 and records show that in the same year it was regularly producing iron, using coke instead of charcoal. The process seems to have been operating successfully by 1711 in the production of cast-iron pots and kettles, with some pig-iron destined for Bristol. Darby prospered at Coalbrookdale, employing coke smelting with consistent success, and he sought to extend his activities in the neighbourhood and in other parts of the country. However, ill health prevented him from pursuing these ventures with his previous energy. Coke smelting spread slowly in England and the continent of Europe, but without Darby's technological breakthrough the ever-increasing demand for iron for structures and machines during the Industrial Revolution simply could not have been met; it was thus an essential component of the technological progress that was to come.Darby's eldest son, Abraham II (1711–63), entered the Coalbrookdale Company partnership in 1734 and largely assumed control of the technical side of managing the furnaces and foundry. He made a number of improvements, notably the installation of a steam engine in 1742 to pump water to an upper level in order to achieve a steady source of water-power to operate the bellows supplying the blast furnaces. When he built the Ketley and Horsehay furnaces in 1755 and 1756, these too were provided with steam engines. Abraham II's son, Abraham III (1750–89), in turn, took over the management of the Coalbrookdale works in 1768 and devoted himself to improving and extending the business. His most notable achievement was the design and construction of the famous Iron Bridge over the river Severn, the world's first iron bridge. The bridge members were cast at Coalbrookdale and the structure was erected during 1779, with a span of 100 ft (30 m) and height above the river of 40 ft (12 m). The bridge still stands, and remains a tribute to the skill and judgement of Darby and his workers.[br]Further ReadingA.Raistrick, 1989, Dynasty of Iron Founders, 2nd edn, Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust (the best source for the lives of the Darbys and the work of the company).H.R.Schubert, 1957, History of the British Iron and Steel Industry AD 430 to AD 1775, London: Routledge \& Kegan Paul.LRD -
17 Dony, Jean-Jacques Daniel
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 24 February 1759 Liège, Belgiumd. 6 November 1819 Liège, Belgium[br]Belgian inventor of the horizontal retort process of zinc manufacture.[br]Dony trained initially for the Church, and it is not known how he became interested in the production of zinc. Liège, however, was close to extensive deposits of the zinc ore calamine, and brass had been made since Roman times in the region between Liège and Aix-la-Chapelle (now Aachen). William Champion's technique of brass manufacture was known there and was considered to be too complicated and expensive for the routine manufacture of brass. Dony may have learned about earlier processes of manufacturing zinc on the European continent from his friend Professor Villette of Liège University, and about English methods from Henri Delloye, a friend of both Villette and Dony and who visited Birmingham and Bristol on their behalf to study zinc smelting processes and brass manufacture at first hand. By 21 March 1805 Dony had succeeded in extracting zinc from calamine and casting it in ingots. On the basis of this success he applied to the French Republican administration for assistance and in 1806 was assigned by Napoleon the sole mining rights to the calamine deposits of the Vieille Montagne, or Altenberg, near Moresnet, five miles (8 km) from Aachen. With these rights went the obligation of developing an industrially viable method of zinc refining. In 1807 he constructed a small factory at Isle and there, after much effort, he perfected his celebrated horizontal retort process, the "Liège Method". After July 1809 zinc was being produced in abundance, and in January 1810 Dony was granted an Imperial Patent giving him a monopoly of zinc manufacture for fifteen years. He erected a rolling mill at Saint-Léonard and attempted to persuade the Minister of Marine to use zinc sheets rather than copper for the protection of ships. Between 1809 and 1810 Dony reduced the price of zinc in Liège from 8.60 to 2.60 francs per kilo. However, after 1813 he began to encounter financial problems and in 1818 he surrendered his commercial interests to his partner Dominique Mosselman (d. 1837). The horizontal retort process soon rendered obsolete that of William Champion, and variants of the Liège Method were rapidly evolved in Germany, Britain and the USA.[br]Further ReadingA.Dony, 1941, A Propos de l'industrie belge du zinc au début du XIXe siècle, Brussels. L.Boscheron, "The zinc industry of the Liège District", Journal of the Institution ofMetals 36 (2):21–6.H.Delloye, 1810, Recherches sur la calamine, le zinc et les emplois, Liège: Dauvrain. 1836, Bibliographie Liégeoise.ASDBiographical history of technology > Dony, Jean-Jacques Daniel
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18 powder
1. порошок2. пудра3. порох5. размельчать, превращать в порошок6. опудриватьacrylic molding powder — акриловый пресс-порошок
activated powder — активированный порошок
adhesion reducing powder — противосклеивающая пудра
adhesive powder — клеевой порошок, порошковый клей
alloy powder — порошок из сплава
alloyed-metal powder — порошок легированного металла
alumina powder — глинозёмный порошок, порошок окиси алюминия
alumina-chromium powder — глинозёмно-хромовый порошок
aluminum powder — алюминиевая пудра, алюминиевый порошок
aluminum-nitride powder — порошок нитрида алюминия
aluminum-silicon powder — алюминиево-кремнистый порошок
antimony powder — сурьмяный порошок
asbestos powder — асбестовый порошок
atomized powder — тонко измельчённый порошок, пудра
atomized bronze powder — бронзовая пудра
ball powder — сферический порошок
backelite powder — бакелитовый порошок
barium-ferrite powder — порошок феррита бария
barium-titanate powder — порошок титаната бария
berillia powder — порошок окиси бериллия
beryllium powder — бериллиевый порошок
beryllium-copper powder — медно-бериллиевый порошок
bismuth powder — порошок висмута
black powder — чёрный [дымный] порох
blended powder — порошок из смеси, смесевой порошок
blue powder — пусьера, цинковая пыль, порошок цинка
bonding powder — связующий порошок
boron powder — порошок бора
boron-carbide powder — порошок карбида бора
boron-nitride powder — порошок нитрида бора
brass powder — порошок латуни
bronze powder — порошок бронзы
cadmium powder — порошок кадмия
cadmium-sulfide powder — порошок сульфида кадмия
calcium-silicide powder — порошок силицида кальция
capacitor-grade powder — конденсаторный порошок
carbide powder — карбидный порошок
carbonyl powder — карбонильный порошок
carbonyl-iron powder — порошок карбонильного железа
carbonyl-molybdenum powder — порошок карбонильного молибдена
carbonyl-nickel powder — порошок карбонильного никеля
casting powder — литое твёрдое ракетное топливо, литой порох
cementing powder — порошок для цементации, цементирующий порошок
ceramic powder — керамический порошок
chromium powder — порошок хрома
chromium-boride powder — порошок борида хрома
chromium-coated powder — порошок, покрытый хромом
chromium-coated beryllium powder — порошок бериллия, покрытый хромом
chromium-silicide powder — порошок силицида хрома
coarse powder — крупнозернистый порошок
coated powder — порошок с покрытием
cobalt powder — кобальтовый порошок
cobalt-base-alloy powder — порошок из сплава на основе кобальта
cobalt-chromium-tungsten powder — порошок из кобальт-хром-вольфрамового сплава
cobalt-ferrite powder — порошок кобальтового феррита
cobalt-nickel powder — кобальто-никелевый порошок
combustible powder — горючий порошок, порох
commercial atomized aluminum powder — техническая алюминиевая пудра
compacted powder — прессованный порошок
composite powder — 1) композиционный порошок 2) смесевой порох
composite-modified casting powder — смесевой модифицированный литой порох
consolidating metal powder — уплотняющийся металлический порошок
copper powder — медный порошок
copper-alloy powder — порошок медного сплава
copper-beryllium-alloy powder — порошок медно-бериллиевого сплава
copper-nickel powder — медно-никелевый порошок
dendrite powder — дендритный порошок
diamond powder — алмазный порошок [крошка]
double-base casting powder — двухосновное литое твёрдое ракетное топливо
dry lubricant powder — порошок для сухой смазки
dry magnetic powder — сухой магнитный порошок
ductile powder — вязкий [пластичный] порошок
electrolytic powder — электролитический порошок
electroscopic powder — электроскопический порошок
ероху powder — эпоксидный порошок
epoxy-novolac powder — эпоксидно-новолачный порошок
epoxy-resin powder — порошок из эпоксидной смолы
fast-burning powder — быстро горящий порох
ferrite powder — ферритовый порошок
ferrous powder — железистый порошок
fine powder — тонкий [мелкозернистый] порошок
flake powder — чешуйчатый порошок
fluorescent powder — флуоресцентный [люминесцентный] порошок
fused-quartz powder — порошок плавленого кварца
glass powder — стеклянный порошок
globular powder — сферический порошок
gold powder — порошок золота
grafted-nylon powder — порошок привитого найлона
granular powder — гранулированный порошок
grinding powder — шлифовальный порошок
hafnium powder — порошок гафния
hafnium-carbide powder — порошок карбида гафния
hard-brittle powder — твёрдый хрупкий порошок
hard-facing powder — порошок для твёрдой облицовки, твёрдый облицовочный порошок
heat-treated powder — термообработанный порошок
high-compressibility powder — высокоуплотняемый порошок
high-density powder — высокоплотный порошок
high-dispersed powder — высокодисперсный порошок
high-purity powder — порошок высокой ( степени) чистоты
high-strength powder — высокопрочный порошок
infiltrated powder — пропитанный порошок
insulating powder — изоляционный порошок
iron powder — железный порошок
iron-cobalt powder — железо-кобальтовый порошок
iron-nitride-carbide powder — композиционная смесь порошка из нитрида и карбида железа
iron-oxide powder — порошок окиси железа
isostatically pressing powder — равномерно спрессованный порошок
lead powder — 1) свинцовый порошок 2) графитовый порошок
lead-ferrite powder — порошок свинцового феррита
low-alloy-steel powder — порошок из низколегированной стали
low-oxide powder — малоокисный порошок
magnesium powder — порошок магния
manganese powder — порошок марганца
metallic powder — металлический порошок
microfine powder — микротонкий порошок
milled powder — молотый порошок
molding powder — пресс-порошок, формовочный [прессовочный] порошок
molybdenum powder — порошок молибдена
molybdenum-boron powder — боромолибденовый порошок
molybdenum-disulfide powder — порошок дисульфида молибдена
molybdenum-silicide powder — порошок силицида молибдена
nickel powder — никелевый порошок
nickel-aluminide powder — порошок алюминида никеля
nickel-iron powder — железо-никелевый порошок
nickel-silver powder — никель-серебряный порошок
niobium-diselenide powder — порошок диселенида ниобия
nitroglycerine powder — нитроглицериновый порох
nonferrous powder — порошок цветного металла
nonhydroscopic powder — негигроскопический порох
nonmetallic powder — неметаллический порошок
non-spherical powder — несферический порошок
nylon powder — найлоновый порошок
oxide powder — порошок окисла, окисный [оксидный] порошок
phenolformaldehyde powder — фенолформальдегидный порошок
phosphor powder — порошок люминофора
photoconductive cadmium-sulfide powder — порошок сульфида кадмия со свойствами фотопроводимости
plastic powder — пластмассовый порошок
platinum powder — порошок платины
polishing powder — полировальный порошок
polycarbonate powder — поликарбонатный порошок
polycrystalline powder — поликристаллический порошок
polyester powder — полиэфирный порошок
polyethylene powder — полиэтиленовый порошок
polymeric powder — полимерный порошок
polyolefin powder — порошок полиолефина
pre-alloyed atomized powder — предварительно легированная пудра
pre-alloyed metal powder — предварительно легированный металлический порошок
pre-alloyed solder powder — предварительно легированный паяльный порошок
pre-alloyed tungsten-rhenium powder — предварительно легированный порошок из вольфрамо-рениевого сплава
pre-alloying powder — предварительно легируемый порошок
precoated powder — предварительно покрытый порошок
premixed powder — предварительно смешанный порошок
press powder — пресс-порошок
pressed powder — 1) прессованный порох 2) прессованный порошок
propellant powder — ракетный порох
pure powder — чистый порошок
pyrophoric powder — пирофорный порошок
quartz crystal powder — кварцевый кристаллический порошок
refractory powder — тугоплавкий [огнеупорный] порошок
reinforcing powder — армирующий порошок
rhenium powder — порошок рения
rhenium-alloy powder — порошок из сплава рения
rubber powder — порошкообразный каучук
self-bonding tungsten-carbide powder — самосвязывающийся порошок карбида вольфрама
self-luminous plastic powder — самосветящийся пластмассовый порошок
silica powder — порошок двуокиси кремния, кварцевый порошок
silicon-boron powder — борокремниевый порошок
silicone-epoxy powder — ( композиционный) эпоксидно-кремнийорганический порошок
silicon-nitride powder — порошок нитрида кремния
silver powder — порошок серебра
silver-coated copper powder — медный порошок, покрытый серебром
single-base casting powder — одноосновное литое твёрдое ракетное топливо
sinterable powder — спекаемый порошок
sintered powder — спечённый порошок
slow-burning powder — медленно-горящий порох
smokeless powder — бездымный порох
soft powder — мягкий [пластичный] порошок
solder powder — паяльный порошок
solid-solution alloy powder — порошок из твёрдого раствора сплава
spherical powder — сферический порошок
stainless-steel powder — порошок нержавеющей стали
strontium powder — порошок стронция
submicron powder — порошок с зёрнами субмикронного размера
sub-sieve powder — тонкий порошок ( мельче 44 мкм)
superfine powder — особо тонкий порошок ( мельче 10 мкм)
surface-coated powder — порошок с поверхностным покрытием
talk powder — 1) молотый тальк 2) тальковая пудра
tantalum powder — порошок тантала
tantalum-boride powder — порошок борида тантала
tantalum-silicide powder — порошок силицида тантала
temperature-sensitive powder — термочувствительный порошок
thermosetting powder — термореактивный порошок
titanium powder — порошок титана
titanium-borosilicate powder — порошок боросиликата титана
titanium-hydride powder — порошок гидрида титана
titanium-silicide powder — порошок силицида титана
tungsten powder — порошок вольфрама
tungsten-boride powder — порошок борида вольфрама
tungsten-carbide powder — порошок карбида вольфрама
tungsten-silicide powder — порошок силицида вольфрама
ultrafine powder — сверхтонкий [ультратонкий] порошок ( мельче 2 мкм)
unalloyed aluminum powder — нелегированный алюминиевый порошок
unpressed powder — непрессованный порошок
uranium-dioxide powder — порошок двуокиси урана
urea-formaldehyde molding powder — мочевино-формальдегидный формовочный порошок
vanadium powder — порошок ванадия
vanadium-boride powder — порошок борида ванадия
vanadium-silicide powder — порошок силицида ванадия
vibratory-compacted powder — вибрационно-уплотнённый порошок
vitreous powder — 1) стеклянный порошок 2) фритта
vitreous carbon powder — порошок стекловидного углерода
welding powder — сварочный порошок, флюс для сварки
zinc powder — порошок цинка, пусьера, цинковая пыль
zirconium powder — порошок циркония
zirconium-oxide-titanium powder — смесевой порошок из окиси циркония и титана
zirconium-silicide powder — порошок силицида циркония
English-Russian dictionary of aviation and space materials > powder
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19 alloy
1) сплав || сплавлять2) легирующий элемент || легировать•- abrasion-resisting alloy
- acid-resistant alloy
- addition alloy
- age-hardening alloy
- aging alloy
- air-hardening alloy
- air-melted alloy
- alkali metal alloy
- alkaline earth alloy
- alkaline earth metal-aluminum alloy
- alkali-resistant alloy
- alkali-resisting alloy
- all-alpha alloy
- all-beta alloy
- alpha alloy
- alpha iron alloy
- alpha+beta alloy
- alpha-beta alloy
- alpha-phase alloy
- alpha-titanium alloy
- aluminum alloy of iron
- aluminum alloy
- aluminum casting alloy
- aluminum piston alloy
- aluminum-base alloy
- aluminum-bearing alloy
- aluminum-copper alloy
- aluminum-copper-magnesium alloy
- aluminum-copper-magnesium-nickel alloy
- aluminum-copper-silicon alloy
- aluminum-copper-silicon-magnesium alloy
- aluminum-magnesium alloy
- aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy
- aluminum-manganese alloy
- aluminum-manganese-magnesium alloy
- aluminum-nickel-iron alloy
- aluminum-silicon alloy
- aluminum-zinc-silicon alloy
- anticorrosion alloy
- antifriction alloy
- as-cast alloy
- austenitic alloy
- barium-aluminum alloy
- bearing alloy
- beryllium alloy of iron
- beryllium-copper alloy
- beryllium-copper-aluminum alloy
- beta alloy
- beta-phase alloy
- beta-titanium alloy
- binary alloy
- bismuth alloy
- body-centered cubic alloy
- boron-bearing alloy
- brass brazing alloy
- brazing alloy
- cadmium alloy
- cadmium-nickel alloy
- cadmium-silver alloy
- carbide-strengthened alloy
- carbon-bearing alloy
- carbon-free alloy
- cast alloy
- castable alloy
- casting alloy
- chrome alloy
- chrome-base alloy
- chrome-bearing alloy
- chrome-nickel alloy
- chromium-nickel-tungsten alloy
- chromium-rich alloy
- chromium-tantalum alloy
- chromium-titanium alloy
- chromium-tungsten-zirconium alloy
- chromium-yttrium alloy
- close-packed alloy
- cobalt alloy
- cobalt-base alloy
- cobalt-bearing alloy
- cobalt-chromium alloy
- cobalt-chromium-nickel alloy
- cobalt-chromium-tungsten-molybdenum alloy
- coinage alloy
- columbium alloy
- columbium-base alloy
- columbium-molybdenum-titanium alloy
- column's alloys
- commercial alloy
- complex alloy
- constant-modulus alloy
- constructional alloy
- controlled-expansion alloy
- copper alloy
- copper-base alloy
- copper-bearing alloy
- copper-free alloy
- copper-gold alloy
- copper-lead alloy
- copper-silver alloy
- copper-tin alloy
- copper-zinc alloy
- corrosion-resistant alloy
- corrosion-resisting alloy
- creep-resistant alloy
- cupronickel alloy
- die-casting alloy
- difficult-to-extrude alloy
- dilute alloy
- disordered alloy
- dispersion-hardened alloy
- dispersion-strengthened alloy
- ductile alloy
- duplex alloy
- electrically conductive alloy
- electrically superconducting alloy
- electrical-resistance alloy
- electrical-resistant alloy
- embrittlement-resistant alloy
- eutectic alloy
- eutectoid alloy
- extra-hard alloy
- extrahigh tensile alloy
- face-centered cubic alloy
- ferrite alloy
- ferromagnetic alloy
- ferrous alloy
- fine-grained alloy
- forging alloy
- foundry alloy
- four-component alloy
- four-part alloy
- free-cutting alloy
- free-machining alloy
- fusible alloy
- G.-P. zone alloy
- gamma-iron alloy
- gamma-phase alloy
- gold-base alloy
- graphitized alloy
- Guthrie's alloy
- hard alloy
- hard magnetic alloy
- hard superconducting alloy
- hard-facing alloy
- heat-resistant alloy
- heat-resisting alloy
- heat-sensitive alloy
- heat-treatable alloy
- heat-treated alloy
- heavy alloy
- heterogeneous alloy
- Heusler alloy
- hexagonal alloy
- high alloy
- high-carbon alloy
- high-chrome alloy
- high-cobalt alloy
- high-coercivity alloy
- high-damping alloy
- high-density alloy
- high-ductile alloy
- high-expansion alloy
- high-initial-permeability alloy
- high-melting alloy
- high-melting point alloy
- high-melting-temperature alloy
- high-nickel alloy
- high-permeability alloy
- high-resistance alloy
- high-strength alloy
- high-temperature alloy
- high-tensile alloy
- high-yield alloy
- homogeneous alloy
- homogenized alloy
- hot-strength alloy
- hypereutectic alloy
- hypereutectoid alloy
- hypoeutectic alloy
- hypoeutectoid alloy
- ignition alloy
- industrial alloy
- intermediate-strength alloy
- intermetallic alloy
- internally oxidized alloy
- iron alloy
- iron-aluminum-nickel alloy
- iron-bearing alloy
- iron-carbon alloy
- iron-chrome alloy
- iron-chromium-aluminum alloy
- iron-chromium-nickel alloy
- iron-cobalt alloy
- iron-cobalt-molybdenum alloy
- iron-cobalt-nickel alloy
- iron-cobalt-tungsten alloy
- iron-manganese alloy
- iron-nickel alloy
- iron-nickel-aluminum alloy
- iron-nickel-chromium alloy
- iron-nickel-cobalt alloy
- jet alloy
- lead alloy
- lead-antimony alloy
- lead-antimony-tin alloy
- lead-base alloy
- lead-bearing alloy
- lead-bismuth alloy
- lead-calcium alloy
- lead-tin alloy
- lean alloy
- Lichtenberg's alloy
- light alloy
- low alloy
- low-carbon alloy
- low-chrome alloy
- low-density alloy
- low-ductile alloy
- low-expansion alloy
- low-melting alloy
- low-nickel alloy
- low-permeability alloy
- low-quality alloy
- low-resistance alloy
- low-strength alloy
- low-temperature alloy
- low-tensile alloy
- low-yield alloy
- magnesium alloy
- magnesium-aluminum alloy
- magnesium-aluminum-zinc alloy
- magnesium-bearing alloy
- magnesium-manganese alloy
- magnesium-manganese-thorium alloy
- magnesium-thorium-zirconium alloy
- magnesium-zinc-zirconium alloy
- magnetic alloy
- magnetically hard alloy
- magnetically soft alloy
- master alloy
- medium alloy
- medium-carbon alloy
- medium-chrome alloy
- medium-nickel alloy
- medium-strength alloy
- memory alloy
- Mishima alloy
- molybdenum-titanium alloy
- multilayer brazing alloy
- multiphase alloy
- natural aging alloy
- nickel alloy
- nickel aluminide alloy
- nickel-base alloy
- nickel-based alloy
- nickel-cadmium alloy
- nickel-chrome-molybdenum alloy
- nickel-chromium alloy
- nickel-cobalt alloy
- nickel-copper alloy
- nickel-iron alloy
- nickel-molybdenum alloy
- nickel-molybdenum-iron alloy
- nickel-rich alloy
- nickel-silicon alloy
- noble metal alloy
- no-coolant alloy
- nonaging alloy
- noncorrosive alloy
- nonferrous metal alloy
- non-heat-treatable alloy
- nonmagnetic alloy
- nonordered alloy
- nonoxidizable alloy
- nonscaling alloy
- nonsparking alloy
- one-phase alloy
- ordered alloy
- oxidation-resistant alloy
- oxidation-resisting alloy
- palladium-silver alloy
- peritectic alloy
- peritectoid alloy
- permanent-magnet alloy
- phosphorous-copper alloy
- piston alloy
- plating alloy
- platinum alloy
- platinum-cobalt alloy
- platinum-metal alloy
- platinum-rhodium alloy
- plural-phase alloy
- polyphase alloy
- powder metallurgical alloy
- powder-brazing alloy
- precipitation hardening alloy
- preferred-orientation alloy
- preformed brazing alloy
- preliminary alloy
- process alloy
- pyrophoric alloy
- quasi-binary alloy
- quasi-eutectic alloy
- quasi-eutectoid alloy
- quaternary alloy
- quinary alloy
- random alloy
- random-orientation alloy
- rare-earth alloy
- rare-earth metal master alloy
- reduction alloy
- refractory alloy
- resistance alloy
- rich alloy
- Rose's alloy
- ruthenium-palladium alloy
- sand-cast alloy
- scale-resisting alloy
- self-fluxing brazing alloy
- semicommercial alloy
- semiconducting alloy
- shape memory alloy
- sheet alloy
- silicon alloy
- silicon-aluminum alloy
- silver brazing alloy
- single-phase alloy
- sintered alloy
- sintered hard alloy
- soft-magnetic alloy
- solder alloy
- solid solution alloy
- solution-treated alloy
- sparking alloy
- spelter-brazing alloy
- spring alloy
- stable alloy
- steam corrosion-resistant alloy
- steel alloy
- strain-hardened alloy
- structural alloy
- substitute alloy
- substitutional alloy
- superconducting alloy
- superconductive alloy
- superconductor alloy
- supercooled alloy
- superhard alloy
- superplastic alloy
- supersaturated alloy
- supersaturated substitutional alloy
- tailored alloy
- tantalum alloy of iron
- tantalum alloy
- tantalum-base alloy
- tantalum-tungsten alloy
- temperature compensation alloy
- ternary alloy
- thallium-lead alloy
- thermomagnetic alloy
- three-component alloy
- three-part alloy
- three-phase alloy
- tin-base alloy
- tin-bearing alloy
- titanium alloy
- titanium-aluminum-manganese alloy
- titanium-aluminum-molybdenum alloy
- titanium-aluminum-tin alloy
- titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy
- titanium-base alloy
- tough alloy
- transition alloy
- tungsten alloy
- two-component alloy
- two-phase alloy
- type-metal alloy
- unsaturated alloy
- untarnishable alloy
- vacuum alloy
- vacuum annealed alloy
- vacuum-arc-refining alloy
- vacuum-induction-melting alloy
- vacuum-remelted alloy
- virgin alloy
- wear-resistant alloy
- wear-resisting alloy
- welding alloy
- Wood's alloy
- work-hardening alloy
- wrought alloy
- zinc alloy
- zinc-aluminum alloy
- zinc-base alloy
- zinc-bearing alloy
- zinc-copper alloy
- zirconium alloy of ironEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > alloy
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20 Bollée, Ernest-Sylvain
[br]b. 19 July 1814 Clefmont (Haute-Marne), Franced. 11 September 1891 Le Mans, France[br]French inventor of the rotor-stator wind engine and founder of the Bollée manufacturing industry.[br]Ernest-Sylvain Bollée was the founder of an extensive dynasty of bellfounders based in Le Mans and in Orléans. He and his three sons, Amédée (1844–1917), Ernest-Sylvain fils (1846–1917) and Auguste (1847-?), were involved in work and patents on steam-and petrol-driven cars, on wind engines and on hydraulic rams. The presence of the Bollées' car industry in Le Mans was a factor in the establishment of the car races that are held there.In 1868 Ernest-Sylvain Bollée père took out a patent for a wind engine, which at that time was well established in America and in England. In both these countries, variable-shuttered as well as fixed-blade wind engines were in production and patented, but the Ernest-Sylvain Bollée patent was for a type of wind engine that had not been seen before and is more akin to the water-driven turbine of the Jonval type, with its basic principle being parallel to the "rotor" and "stator". The wind drives through a fixed ring of blades on to a rotating ring that has a slightly greater number of blades. The blades of the fixed ring are curved in the opposite direction to those on the rotating blades and thus the air is directed onto the latter, causing it to rotate at a considerable speed: this is the "rotor". For greater efficiency a cuff of sheet iron can be attached to the "stator", giving a tunnel effect and driving more air at the "rotor". The head of this wind engine is turned to the wind by means of a wind-driven vane mounted in front of the blades. The wind vane adjusts the wind angle to enable the wind engine to run at a constant speed.The fact that this wind engine was invented by the owner of a brass foundry, with all the gear trains between the wind vane and the head of the tower being of the highest-quality brass and, therefore, small in scale, lay behind its success. Also, it was of prefabricated construction, so that fixed lengths of cast-iron pillar were delivered, complete with twelve treads of cast-iron staircase fixed to the outside and wrought-iron stays. The drive from the wind engine was taken down the inside of the pillar to pumps at ground level.Whilst the wind engines were being built for wealthy owners or communes, the work of the foundry continued. The three sons joined the family firm as partners and produced several steam-driven vehicles. These vehicles were the work of Amédée père and were l'Obéissante (1873); the Autobus (1880–3), of which some were built in Berlin under licence; the tram Bollée-Dalifol (1876); and the private car La Mancelle (1878). Another important line, in parallel with the pumping mechanism required for the wind engines, was the development of hydraulic rams, following the Montgolfier patent. In accordance with French practice, the firm was split three ways when Ernest-Sylvain Bollée père died. Amédée père inherited the car side of the business, but it is due to Amédée fils (1867– 1926) that the principal developments in car manufacture came into being. He developed the petrol-driven car after the impetus given by his grandfather, his father and his uncle Ernest-Sylvain fils. In 1887 he designed a four-stroke single-cylinder engine, although he also used engines designed by others such as Peugeot. He produced two luxurious saloon cars before putting Torpilleur on the road in 1898; this car competed in the Tour de France in 1899. Whilst designing other cars, Amédée's son Léon (1870–1913) developed the Voiturette, in 1896, and then began general manufacture of small cars on factory lines. The firm ceased work after a merger with the English firm of Morris in 1926. Auguste inherited the Eolienne or wind-engine side of the business; however, attracted to the artistic life, he sold out to Ernest Lebert in 1898 and settled in the Paris of the Impressionists. Lebert developed the wind-engine business and retained the basic "stator-rotor" form with a conventional lattice tower. He remained in Le Mans, carrying on the business of the manufacture of wind engines, pumps and hydraulic machinery, describing himself as a "Civil Engineer".The hydraulic-ram business fell to Ernest-Sylvain fils and continued to thrive from a solid base of design and production. The foundry in Le Mans is still there but, more importantly, the bell foundry of Dominique Bollée in Saint-Jean-de-Braye in Orléans is still at work casting bells in the old way.[br]Further ReadingAndré Gaucheron and J.Kenneth Major, 1985, The Eolienne Bollée, The International Molinological Society.Cénomane (Le Mans), 11, 12 and 13 (1983 and 1984).KM
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